Physics at the LHC: A New Window on the Nature of Matter, Spacetime and the Universe
Harvey B. Newman, Professor of Physics, Caltech
A new era of exploration at the Tev-scale frontier will open when the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) begins operation at CERN in the 27 km tunnel beneath Switzerland and France that formerly housed the LEP electron-positron collider. Scientists and engineers from around the globe are now completing 15 years of building the experiments, world-scale data systems and the accelerator, and the first 14 TeV proton-proton collisions are expected in 2007. The leap in center of mass energy and luminosity, and the analyzing power of the LHC experiments, will open new horizons in fundamental physics. Since 1990’s the hierarchy and fine-tuning problems, the weakness of gravity, the rise of M theory and the discovery of the predominance of dark matter and energy in the cosmos have motivated several approaches to theories with extra spatial dimensions, and new interactions that could lie within the LHC’s multi-TeV discovery reach. In addition to probing the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking and possibly discovering the standard model Higgs or supersymmetry and the nature of dark matter, experiments at the LHC may discover TeV-scale unification, gravitons or black hole production, or a tower of new gauge bosons; discoveries that would profoundly change our understanding of spacetime and the early universe as well as nature’s most basic forces. I will introduce the status and outlook for the LHC and its experimental program, with a focus on the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment, and provide a panorama of CMS’ potential for many of these discoveries, starting from the early days of LHC operation. I will also touch upon the plans for the farther future, including the SuperLHC (with tens times higher luminosity), and the International Linear Collider that will provide precision probes of the new physics emerging in the next decade.