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\citation{Tufte}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Single-variable plots}{2}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces How to open a data file in kaleidagraph. After you choose Open from the File menu, a dialog box will appear that allows you to choose the file you want to open. }}{4}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces The dialog box for choosing a file to open.}}{5}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Once you have chosen the file to open, another dialog box appears allowing you to specify how it's read. Most of these are self-explanatory. Note the option to read the first line of data as column titles.}}{5}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces The data looks like this once you have opened it. Note how the titles for the columns are preserved, if you choose that option.}}{6}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces To make a plot, pull down the Gallery menu and choose the type you want. For a set of discrete data points, Scatter (under the Linear submenu) is a good choice.}}{7}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Once you have chosen the type of plot you want, a dialog box will come up to set which column to use as the X and Y axis. Click the appropriate buttons, and then click New Plot.}}{7}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces And here is the result.}}{8}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Error bars}{9}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces To put error bars on your data points, pull down the Plot menu, and choose Error Bars. This will pull up a dialog box allowing you to specify whether to put them on the X or Y values (horizontal or vertical), and then a second dialog box allowing you to specify what their values should be.}}{10}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Comparison with a theory curve}{12}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Open a new data window. This is where you will generate the data for your theory curve.}}{12}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces Highlight the first column, then pull down the Functions menu and select Create Series.}}{13}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12}{\ignorespaces Setting the parameters of the series.}}{14}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {13}{\ignorespaces Defining a formula for your theory curve. In this case it is $f(x)=Ax+B$, where $x$ is the series we defined in the first column, labelled c0, the slope $A$ is set at 0.5, and the y-intercept $B$ is 3.5. (Yes, you can define variables. No, I don't want to get into that here.) The output is saved in the second column, which Kaleidagraph recognizes as c1. Click Run when you are done.}}{14}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {14}{\ignorespaces Running your function populates c1 with the result of applying your function to the series in c0.}}{15}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {15}{\ignorespaces To add your newly-generated theory curve to your plot, first click on your plot, then go back to the Gallery menu, and choose Scatter again.}}{15}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {16}{\ignorespaces You can use data from many different Data windows for multiple curves on the same plot. Note the pull-down menu that says Data 3. You can select columns from as many data windows as you have to add to your plot, and define whichever you want to be the X and Y variables.}}{16}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {17}{\ignorespaces And this is what you should get. (In some cases, adding a theory curve will remove your error bars. If this happens to you, just regenerate them.) At this point the y-intercept looks pretty good, but obviously our initial guess for the slope was too small. Tweak the parameters, and regenerate the plot until the fit looks right.}}{17}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Residuals}{18}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {18}{\ignorespaces Residuals with error bars.}}{19}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}$\chi ^2$ test}{19}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Least-squares fitting}{21}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1}More general cases}{22}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Automated fitting}{22}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {19}{\ignorespaces To add a curve fit to your plot, click on the plot you want to fit, then pull down the Curve Fit menu, and choose the type of fit you want. In this case, it is Linear.}}{23}}
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\bibcite{Tufte}{1}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {20}{\ignorespaces The result is what you expect, and the fitted formula is printed on the plot. The $R$ is a correlation coefficient, which, like $\chi ^2$, serves as a measure of the goodness of the fit.}}{24}}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A}How to plot and fit data in Microsoft Excel}{25}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.1}How to open a data file in Microsoft Excel}{25}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {21}{\ignorespaces Opening a data file from Microsoft Excel.}}{25}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {22}{\ignorespaces Specifying which file to open. You may have to choose ``All Readable Documents'' from the ``Enable'' pulldown menu before you can access a plain-text file.}}{26}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {23}{\ignorespaces The first of three dialog boxes.}}{26}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {24}{\ignorespaces The second of three dialog boxes.}}{27}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {26}{\ignorespaces What you get.}}{28}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {27}{\ignorespaces Click on the Charts tab in the Ribbon, then select Scatter as the type of plot.}}{29}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {28}{\ignorespaces This is what you get.}}{29}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {29}{\ignorespaces Click on the Chart Layout tab next to the Charts tab in the Ribbon, then select Error Bars. To specify the value of your error bars, as opposed to letting Excel decide what they should be, go straight to Error Bar Options.}}{30}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {30}{\ignorespaces Even though Excel puts error bars on the independent variable (X), you don't get to specify them yet.}}{31}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {31}{\ignorespaces To set the X error bars, click on one of the data points in your plot. That will bring up this dialog box, which now contains a tab at the top that will allow you to adjust either the X or the Y error bars. To suppress the X error bars, choose Fixed Value, and set it to zero.}}{31}}
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